Sakile


 * Pace of Change:**

-Mechanization This is when you provide human operators with machinery, which can help them with the physical requirements of their occupation. It can also mean the machines that replace humans or animals to do the hard labor for them. In the military, this term applies to tracked armored vehicles, since it is a machine that replaces the work of having to march to their destination or use trucks or horses.


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-Innovation Innovation is another word for invention, or a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation. Several innovations during the Second Industrial Revolution were the lightbulb and gasoline-powered engine.


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-Units Per Man Hour: This is the unit that measures the number of completed units put in place per hour of work. A man-hour is the amount of work done by one [average] person in an hour. Using this, people could estimate how long it would take for a group of people to do one task, and the assembly line was born from those "calculations".


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 * Social Change:**

-Agricultural Revolution Also know as the British Agricultural Revolution, this happened the 18th century. There was an increase in agricultural productivity, which in turn helped support the growth of Britain's population, since people were healthier from the ammounts of natural foods they where getting (which increased birth rates) and more people were also needed to help with the new jobs that came along with this revolution.


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-Factory Work People were slowly moving from their agricultural workplaces and home and were coming into the cities to work for the industries, but it brought a lot of stress upon people, especially women. They were earning income from jobs like spinning wool and other cloths, and they were losing their jobs to factories who were now making clothes many times faster than they could. Skilled laborers lost their jobs to machines that did their jobs more efficiently and even faster than they could. People also had to work long, dirty hours in the factories when they did have human workers instead of robots. Although, the factories owners paid the lowest amount they could (minimum wage) to the workers, and they hired women and children to tend to the machines because they could be hired for a lower wage (although the factory owners were attacked (not literally) later for it). Animals also lived in the factories, making them unclean, nevermind what that did to the factory.


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-City Slum Dwelling Not everyone who wasn't extremely rich lived in horrible places. Some people lived in middle-class homes. But thousands of others lived in horrible conditions. They lived in back-to-back houses, and sometimes one house was shared with other families. To get rid of waste, you would have to dump it out the window, and very few times would people warn others when they did so. And there were even worse places to live--cellars. They had all of the bad qualities of the houses above and more. The sewage that had been tossed out windows in that time seeped through the walls. And when it rained, the rivers (filled with the gunk, dead bodies, and whatnot that people threw in there daily) overflowed and flooded out anyone who lived in a basement. And on the outside, the roads and street lanes were extremely narrow.


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 * Economic Migration:**

-Rural to Urban Migration Millions of people moved from their agricultural homes to the industrial cities for many reasons. Some people moved from a village to a town in hopes of better work and pay there. Others were searching for a new way of life, so they moved from the country they were living in to another, which may have happened to be Britain. Although because of poor working conditions, housing, and sanitation, many people chose to emigrate back to their village or country.


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-Pull Factors of the Industrial Cities For one thing, the Agricultural Revolution pushed people away towards the cities and the industries it housed. The new transportation available in the cities also pulled many towards the industrial cities. Plus, many of the industrial cities were that a lot of them were investment capitals and it had a stable //political// climate. Also, the need for space simply drew people to the cities. There were other pull factors as well, such as labor supply, markets, entrepreneurs, inventions, natural resources, and religious attitudes.


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-Push factors of the Agricultural Revolution The push factors of the Agricultural Revolution were simply the other side of the pull factors of the Industrial Revolution. The industrial cities had many more supplies than the agricultural villages, where you had to work constantly for resources, whereas in the bigger cities, you could buy it, or make it even faster with the machines they had. Also, transportation was faster and newer in the industrial cities.


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