Hiba+Raza

=**Pace of Change:**=

Mechanization
Mechanization is providing human operators with machinery to help them do their work faster. Mechanization can also refer to the replacement of Human or Animal labor with machinery. They used mechanization in the Industrial Revolution to speed up production time so that they can produce more of the product. An example of mechanization in the times of the Industrial Revolution is the machinery used in the cotton mills or using tractors while tending your farm.

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Innovation
Innovation is the act of introducing something new or a new way to do something. Innovation happened a lot during the Industrial Revolution. People were inventing many different things to speed up production and to make more money. Innovation made mechanization happen. Some inventions during the Industrial Revolution were good and useful but others were just ways to earn more money. An example of innovation during the Industrial Revolution is the invention of electricity. []



Units Per Man Hour
Units per man hour is the amount of work done by a worker per hour or how many units a worker has produced in one hour. Company owners would use units per man hour as a base on how much to pay a worker. This would let them pay a worker less if they didn't do as much work. It was another way to earn even more money. An example of units per man hour would be for example how many toys a worker makes in an hour. If they made less toys then they would get less money in return. Because of this many poor workers tried to make as many units as possible in an hour. Untalented workers would get less money because they were not fast at making the products.

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=**Social Change:**=

Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution was a time in which the agricultural production increased dramatically. If it weren't for the agricultural revolution, the Industrial Revolution could never have happened. During the Agricultural Revolution the net output also increased and farm technology improved. There were a lot of goods being produced and all the inventions helped to produce even more. The Agricultural Revolution happened because of mechanization, selective breeding and other techniques although it is not clear exactly how it started. An example of the Agricultural Revolution is the invention of the plow.

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Factory Work
Factory work was when people worked in factories to make products quickly and efficiently. During the Industrial Revolution being a worker in a factory wasn't the best job. You would work very hard at doing the same thing again and again, often for long periods of time with only a short time to eat some lunch. And after all that hard work you would not earn much money. But, often people had no other option than to become a factory worker. An example of factory work is making cotton in a cotton mill.

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City Slum Dwelling
City slum dwellings are the cheap, small houses in the city. Most factory workers lived here. City slum dwellings were not a nice place to live. They were small, dirty and most were shared between several families. They had earth floors, and there would probably be only one outdoor privy for the whole terrace (row of houses). The houses were on narrow alleys and roads that blocked out all light and air. The waste disposal system for these houses was a bucket and a warning shout to any passers by that were below. And the people in these houses were lucky. Some poor people lived in the basements of these houses. The basements had all the bad things the houses had and more. When there was a lot of rain the water- and sewage- would flood into the basements. There are many examples of these city slums- they were scattered through the whole of London and other cities in England too. These city slums- or something like them- were in America as well.

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=**Economic Migration:**=

Rural to Urban Migration
Rural to urban migration was when people moved from the country to the city to earn more money. Because of rural to urban migration towns and cities expand and there are a lot more people living in the country. Rural to urban migration happens when people need employment, want better house conditions or better facilities. When they move to the city they often end up living in shanty towns (or city slum dwellings) and work in factories where they don't get much pay. In America and England, during the industrial revolution, many people moved to the city where they saw opportunity and money, but it really wasn't much better than the country.

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Pull Factors of the Industrial Cities
Pull factors are the things that make you want to move somewhere. To the countrymen, there were many pull factors of the industrial cities. These pull factors include employment, higher incomes, better facilities, the urban way of life, and better housing or schooling. These are a few of the things about the city that appealed to the countrymen. Some countrymen may have actually found their fortune in the city, others didn't. There were so many poor people during the industrial revolution it was no surprise that most countrymen found themselves living in the slums of the city. An example of a pull factor is employment.

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Push factors of the Country
Push factors are the things that makes someone want to leave a place for somewhere else. During the Industrial revolution there were many reasons for the countrymen to leave the country. These push factors include famine or drought, poor living conditions, no schooling- or bad schooling, no health care, unemployment and poor wages. These are some of the reasons countrymen left the country for the city during the industrial revolution. In fact, there were quite a lot of people leaving the country for these reasons. An example of a push factor of the country is unemployment.

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